feat(feedback): Rate-Limit und Spam-Erkennung für Feedback-Formular

Schützt den Feedback-Endpunkt vor Missbrauch durch pro-Nutzer-Limits, Honeypot, Zeitprüfung und einfache Inhaltsheuristiken.

Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>

client/src/App.css

@@ -443,6 +443,16 @@ html.scheme-dark .themed-select-option.is-selected {
   gap: 16px;
 }
 
+.feedback-form__honeypot {
+  position: absolute;
+  left: -9999px;
+  width: 1px;
+  height: 1px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  opacity: 0;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
 .feedback-form__field {
   display: flex;
   flex-direction: column;

client/src/components/FeedbackModal.tsx

@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@ export default function FeedbackModal({
   const [category, setCategory] = useState<FeedbackCategory>('general')
   const [contactEmail, setContactEmail] = useState('')
   const [message, setMessage] = useState('')
+  const [website, setWebsite] = useState('')
   const [submitState, setSubmitState] = useState<SubmitState>('idle')
   const [statusMessage, setStatusMessage] = useState<string | null>(null)
   const closeTimerRef = useRef<number | null>(null)
+  const openedAtRef = useRef<number>(Date.now())
 
   const isBusy = submitState === 'submitting' || submitState === 'success'
 
@@ -58,9 +60,12 @@ export default function FeedbackModal({
       setCategory('general')
       setContactEmail('')
       setMessage('')
+      setWebsite('')
       setSubmitState('idle')
       setStatusMessage(null)
+      return
     }
+    openedAtRef.current = Date.now()
   }, [open])
 
   const handleSubmit = async (event: React.FormEvent) => {
@@ -76,7 +81,9 @@ export default function FeedbackModal({
         message: message.trim(),
         contactEmail: contactEmail.trim() || undefined,
         logbookId,
-        logbookTitle
+        logbookTitle,
+        openedAt: openedAtRef.current,
+        website
       })
       setSubmitState('success')
       setStatusMessage(t('feedback.success'))
@@ -91,7 +98,11 @@ export default function FeedbackModal({
           ? t('feedback.error_not_configured')
           : error instanceof FeedbackApiError && error.code === 'INVALID_EMAIL'
             ? t('feedback.error_invalid_email')
-            : t('feedback.error_send')
+            : error instanceof FeedbackApiError && error.code === 'RATE_LIMITED'
+              ? t('feedback.error_rate_limited')
+              : error instanceof FeedbackApiError && error.code === 'SPAM_DETECTED'
+                ? t('feedback.error_spam')
+                : t('feedback.error_send')
       )
     }
   }
@@ -139,6 +150,18 @@ export default function FeedbackModal({
               )}
 
               <form className="feedback-form" onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
+                <label className="feedback-form__honeypot" aria-hidden="true">
+                  <span>Website</span>
+                  <input
+                    type="text"
+                    name="website"
+                    value={website}
+                    onChange={(event) => setWebsite(event.target.value)}
+                    tabIndex={-1}
+                    autoComplete="off"
+                  />
+                </label>
+
                 <label className="feedback-form__field">
                   <span>{t('feedback.category_label')}</span>
                   <select

client/src/i18n/locales/de.json

@@ -416,7 +416,9 @@
       "success": "Vielen Dank! Ihr Feedback wurde gesendet.",
       "error_send": "Feedback konnte nicht gesendet werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es später erneut.",
       "error_invalid_email": "Bitte geben Sie eine gültige E-Mail-Adresse ein.",
-      "error_not_configured": "Feedback ist auf diesem Server nicht verfügbar."
+      "error_not_configured": "Feedback ist auf diesem Server nicht verfügbar.",
+      "error_rate_limited": "Zu viele Feedback-Nachrichten in kurzer Zeit. Bitte warten Sie einige Minuten.",
+      "error_spam": "Diese Nachricht konnte nicht gesendet werden. Bitte formulieren Sie sie anders."
     },
     "demo": {
       "logbook_title": "Demo-Logbuch Ostsee",

client/src/i18n/locales/en.json

@@ -416,7 +416,9 @@
       "success": "Thank you! Your feedback has been sent.",
       "error_send": "Could not send feedback. Please try again later.",
       "error_invalid_email": "Please enter a valid email address.",
-      "error_not_configured": "Feedback is not available on this server."
+      "error_not_configured": "Feedback is not available on this server.",
+      "error_rate_limited": "Too many feedback messages in a short time. Please wait a few minutes.",
+      "error_spam": "This message could not be sent. Please rephrase it and try again."
     },
     "demo": {
       "logbook_title": "Baltic Sea Demo Logbook",

client/src/services/feedback.ts

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ import { apiFetch } from './api.js'
 export type FeedbackCategory = 'bug' | 'feature' | 'general'
 
 export class FeedbackApiError extends Error {
-  code: 'NOT_CONFIGURED' | 'REQUEST_FAILED' | 'INVALID_EMAIL'
+  code: 'NOT_CONFIGURED' | 'REQUEST_FAILED' | 'INVALID_EMAIL' | 'RATE_LIMITED' | 'SPAM_DETECTED'
 
   constructor(
     message: string,
-    code: 'NOT_CONFIGURED' | 'REQUEST_FAILED' | 'INVALID_EMAIL' = 'REQUEST_FAILED'
+    code: 'NOT_CONFIGURED' | 'REQUEST_FAILED' | 'INVALID_EMAIL' | 'RATE_LIMITED' | 'SPAM_DETECTED' = 'REQUEST_FAILED'
   ) {
     super(message)
     this.name = 'FeedbackApiError'
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ export async function sendFeedback(payload: {
   contactEmail?: string | null
   logbookId?: string | null
   logbookTitle?: string | null
+  openedAt: number
+  website?: string
 }): Promise<void> {
   const contactEmail = payload.contactEmail?.trim()
   if (contactEmail && !isValidFeedbackEmail(contactEmail)) {
@@ -43,7 +45,9 @@ export async function sendFeedback(payload: {
       logbookId: payload.logbookId || undefined,
       logbookTitle: payload.logbookTitle || undefined,
       appVersion: typeof __APP_VERSION__ !== 'undefined' ? __APP_VERSION__ : undefined,
-      pageUrl: window.location.href
+      pageUrl: window.location.href,
+      openedAt: payload.openedAt,
+      website: payload.website || undefined
     })
   })
 
@@ -51,8 +55,15 @@ export async function sendFeedback(payload: {
     throw new FeedbackApiError('Feedback is not configured on this server', 'NOT_CONFIGURED')
   }
 
+  if (res.status === 429) {
+    throw new FeedbackApiError('Too many feedback submissions', 'RATE_LIMITED')
+  }
+
   const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}))
   if (!res.ok) {
-    throw new FeedbackApiError(data.error || 'Failed to send feedback')
+    throw new FeedbackApiError(
+      data.error || 'Failed to send feedback',
+      data.code === 'SPAM_DETECTED' ? 'SPAM_DETECTED' : 'REQUEST_FAILED'
+    )
   }
 }